Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used to automate the process of assigning IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. This protocol operates on a client-server model and is essential for managing IP address allocation efficiently¹.

Key Components and Operation

DHCP Server: This server holds a pool of IP addresses and other configuration information. It assigns IP addresses to DHCP clients dynamically, ensuring that each device on the network has a unique IP address².

DHCP Client: This is any device (such as a computer, smartphone, or printer) that connects to the network and requests configuration information from the DHCP server².

DHCP Relay: This acts as an intermediary between the DHCP client and server, especially useful in large networks with multiple subnets².

IP Address Pool: The range of IP addresses that the DHCP server can allocate to clients².